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Occupational risk of exposure to methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and the quality of infection hygiene in nursing homes

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1333-y

摘要：

• Staff members were not colonised with MRSA.

关键词： Antibiotic resistance Airborne MRSA Bioaerosols Healthcare-associated infections Healthcare worker Occupational health

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Personalized biomedical devices & systems for healthcare applications

I-Ming CHEN, Soo Jay PHEE, Zhiqiang LUO, Chee Kian LIM

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第6卷第1期页码 3-12 doi: 10.1007/s11465-011-0209-z

摘要：

With the advancement in micro- and nanotechnology, electromechanical components and systems are getting smaller and smaller and gradually can be applied to the human as portable, mobile and even wearable devices. Healthcare industry have started to benefit from this technology trend by providing more and more miniature biomedical devices for personalized medical treatments in order to obtain better and more accurate outcome. This article introduces some recent development in non-intrusive and intrusive biomedical devices resulted from the advancement of niche miniature sensors and actuators, namely, wearable biomedical sensors, wearable haptic devices, and ingestible medical capsules. The development of these devices requires carful integration of knowledge and people from many different disciplines like medicine, electronics, mechanics, and design. Furthermore, designing affordable devices and systems to benefit all mankind is a great challenge ahead. The multi-disciplinary nature of the R&D effort in this area provides a new perspective for the future mechanical engineers.

关键词： personalized medical devices wearable sensor haptic device ingestible medical capsule

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中国健康服务业发展战略研究

韩德民,卢九星,李星明,李建

《中国工程科学》 2017年第19卷第2期页码 21-28 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.02.004

摘要：

为落实健康中国发展战略，推进中国健康服务业的发展，中国工程院于2015 年启动“中国健康服务业发展战略研究”重大咨询项目。课题自启动以来，组织了28位院士和150余位专家，对京上广深等一至三线共12个城市进行了广泛的社会调查。本文在大量社会调查的基础上，从健康服务业的概念、内涵、发展特点入手，深入分析了国内健康服务业的发展现状；以全方位、全覆盖、全过程建立健康服务保障体系为目标，对健康服务业的定位、发展思路，城乡理想模式等进行了深入探讨；并针对健康管理体系建设、养生养老、医养结合、健康保险、社会办医、金融保障等重点问题，提出了为顺应中国健康服务业发展战略顺畅实施的保障措施和相关建议。

关键词：健康服务业全民健康发展战略

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Blockchain application in healthcare service mode based on Health Data Bank

Jianxia GONG, Lindu ZHAO

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第4期页码 605-614 doi: 10.1007/s42524-020-0138-9

摘要： Blockchain is commonly considered a potential disruptive technology. Moreover, the healthcare industry has experienced rapid growth in the adoption of health information technology, such as electronic health records and electronic medical records. To guarantee data privacy and data security as well as to harness the value of health data, the concept of Health Data Bank (HDB) is proposed. In this study, HDB is defined as an integrated health data service institution, which bears no “ownership” of health data and operates health data under the principal–agent model. This study first comprehensively reviews the main characters of blockchain and identifies the blockchain-based healthcare industry projects and startups in the areas of health insurance, pharmacy, and medical treatment. Then, we analyze the fundamental principles of HDB and point out four challenges faced by HDB’s sustainable development: (1) privacy protection and interoperability of health data; (2) data rights; (3) health data supervision; (4) and willingness to share health data. We also analyze the important benefits of blockchain adoption in HDB. Furthermore, three application scenarios including distributed storage of health data, smart-contract-based healthcare service mode, and consensus-algorithm-based incentive policy are proposed to shed light on HDB-based healthcare service mode. In the end, this study offers insights into potential research directions and challenges.

关键词： Health Data Bank blockchain data assets smart contract incentive mechanism

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Protecting healthcare personnel from 2019-nCoV infection risks: lessons and suggestions

Zhiruo Zhang, Shelan Liu, Mi Xiang, Shijian Li, Dahai Zhao, Chaolin Huang, Saijuan Chen

《医学前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第2期页码 229-231 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0765-x

摘要： The outbreak of a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19, caused by the 2019-nCoV infection) in December 2019 is one of the most severe public health emergencies since the founding of People’s Republic of China in 1949. Healthcare personnel (HCP) nationwide are facing heavy workloads and high risk of infection, especially those who care for patients at the epicenter of the outbreak, Hubei Province. Sadly, as of February 20, 2020, over two thousand COVID-19 cases are confirmed among HCP from 476 hospitals nationwide, with nearly 90% of them from Hubei Province. Based on literature search and interviews with some HCP working at Wuhan, capital city of Hubei, we have summarized some of the effective measures taken to reduce infection among HCP, and also made suggestions for improving occupational safety during an infectious disease outbreak. The experience and lessons learned should be a valuable asset for international health community to contain the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic around the world.

关键词： healthcare personnel COVID-19 infectious diseases

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区域性医疗集团资源协同仿真建模和政策建议研究

胡依群,苏强,李晓雪,郑静晨

《中国工程科学》 2017年第19卷第2期页码 43-49 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.02.007

摘要：

为了缓解居民“看病难、看病贵”的问题，我们构建了“社区–医院”的二级医疗服务系统概念模型，并建立了患者偏好的函数模型和转诊机制，采用AnyLogic软件对系统进行建模，并以上海市嘉定区为例，通过引入实际案例数据展示了该模型如何用于探讨不同医疗合作模式和医疗改革政策，结果显示，提升基层医疗服务质量以及医保报销比例能够有效提升医疗服务系统的整体效率。

关键词：智能体仿真政策仿真医疗改革患者选择行为

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A literature review of perishable medical resource management

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 710-726 doi: 10.1007/s42524-023-0278-9

摘要： In recent decades, healthcare providers have faced mounting pressure to effectively manage highly perishable and limited medical resources. This article offers a comprehensive review of supply chain management pertaining to such resources, which include transplantable organs and healthcare products. The review encompasses 93 publications from 1990 to 2022, illustrating a discernible upward trajectory in annual publications. The surveyed literature is categorized into three levels: Strategic, tactical, and operational. Key problem attributes and methodologies are analyzed through the assessment of pertinent publications for each problem level. Furthermore, research on service innovation, decision analytics, and supply chain resilience elucidates potential areas for future research.

关键词： perishable medical resources organ transplant healthcare products decision analytics operations management

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Exploring adoption of augmented reality smart glasses: Applications in the medical industry

Nuri BASOGLU, Muge GOKEN, Marina DABIC, Dilek OZDEMIR GUNGOR, Tugrul U. DAIM

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2018年第5卷第2期页码 167-181 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2018056

摘要： This study explores the use of augmented reality smart glasses (ARSGs) by physicians and their adoption of these products in the Turkish medical industry. Google Glass was used as a demonstrative example for the introduction of ARSGs. We proposed an exploratory model based on the technology acceptance model by Davis. Exogenous factors in the model were defined by performing semi-structured in-depth interviews, along with the use of an expert panel in addition to the technology adoption literature. The framework was tested by means of a field study, data was collected via an Internet survey, and path analysis was used. The results indicate that there were a number of factors to be considered in order to understand ARSG adoption by physicians. Usefulness was influenced by ease of use, compatibility, ease of reminding, and speech recognition, while ease of use was affected by ease of learning, ease of medical education, external influence, and privacy. Privacy was the only negative factor that reduced the perceived ease of use, and was found to indirectly create a negative attitude. Compatibility emerged as the most significant external factor for usefulness. Developers of ARSGs should pay attention to healthcare-specific requirements for improved utilization and more extensive adoption of ARSGs in healthcare settings. In particular, they should focus on how to increase the compatibility of ARSGs. Further research needs to be conducted to explain the adoption intention of physicians.

关键词： technology adoption augmented reality smart glasses (ARSGs) healthcare

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中药大健康产业发展机遇与战略思考

张伯礼,张俊华,陈士林,段金廒,黄璐琦,孙晓波,屠鹏飞,叶祖光,瞿海斌,魏建和,赵大庆,徐雅娟,薛晓娟

《中国工程科学》 2017年第19卷第2期页码 16-20 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.02.003

摘要：

随着经济社会发展，人们对健康服务的需求快速增长。中医药是我国独具特色的健康资源，也是潜力巨大的经济资源。中医药健康服务主要包括养生、保健、医疗、康复等，但核心是以中药相关产品为主体的健康服务供给。随着中药现代化进程的推进，也促进了中药大健康产业的悄然形成，形成了涉及中药种植，产品研发、生产、流通、销售在内的跨行业、跨区域的产业链，并具有调整产业结构、增加就业、农民增收、服务医改、惠及民生及保护生态等综合优势。本文介绍了中药大健康产业发展的现状，分析存在的问题和不足，提出了一个战略中心（以服务健康需求为中心），两个战略重点（规划监管、提质增效），四个发展方向（规范种植、新品研发、商贸物流、国际发展）和六项重点任务。

关键词：大健康大健康产业中药中药现代化

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医药健康领域的国家人工智能战略发展规划比较研究

李莹莹,张建楠,顾宴菊,朱烨琳,何前锋,李兰娟

《中国工程科学》 2019年第21卷第6期页码 106-113 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.10.003

摘要：

本文梳理比较了 2015年以来在医药健康领域有重点布局人工智能技术发展的美国、日本、英国、印度及我国的战略规划情况。分析显示，基础建设投入和基于国情的重点领域布局是战略规划的核心内容，我国战略布局多方面仅次于美国，但相对缺乏整体规划与发展路径，建设重点有待明确，健康医疗数据基础未与人工智能应用发展形成有效衔接、复合人才结构失衡的问题未充分重视、人工智能应用的监管及制度规范亟待加强。为推动我国人工智能在医药健康领域的应用发展，建议应重视人工智能在医药健康领域发展的战略价值，以解决国家人民健康重大需求为出发点，明确数据基础设施和平台建设为优先事项，建立促进应用创新的交叉学科研究组织保障，加强监管科学研究投入。

关键词：医药健康人工智能国际比较

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Hybrid deep learning model for risk prediction of fracture in patients with diabetes and osteoporosis

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第3期页码 496-506 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0828-7

摘要： The fracture risk of patients with diabetes is higher than those of patients without diabetes due to hyperglycemia, usage of diabetes drugs, changes in insulin levels, and excretion, and this risk begins as early as adolescence. Many factors including demographic data (such as age, height, weight, and gender), medical history (such as smoking, drinking, and menopause), and examination (such as bone mineral density, blood routine, and urine routine) may be related to bone metabolism in patients with diabetes. However, most of the existing methods are qualitative assessments and do not consider the interactions of the physiological factors of humans. In addition, the fracture risk of patients with diabetes and osteoporosis has not been further studied previously. In this paper, a hybrid model combining XGBoost with deep neural network is used to predict the fracture risk of patients with diabetes and osteoporosis, and investigate the effect of patients’ physiological factors on fracture risk. A total of 147 raw input features are considered in our model. The presented model is compared with several benchmarks based on various metrics to prove its effectiveness. Moreover, the top 18 influencing factors of fracture risks of patients with diabetes are determined.

关键词： XGBoost deep neural network healthcare risk prediction

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全民健康和医药卫生教育及法规体系研究

刘晓云,常春,侯建林,杨健,田传胜,纪颖,胡丹,孟庆跃,王陇德

《中国工程科学》 2017年第19卷第2期页码 50-54 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.02.008

摘要：

我国医药卫生体制改革取得重大进展，但在全民健康教育、卫生人才培养及卫生法律体系建设等方面仍存在巨大挑战。本文总结国内外已有经验，分析我国全民健康和医药卫生教育及法规体系现状和面临的挑战，提出了完善全民健康和医药卫生教育及法规体系的政策建议：构建全民健康教育体系，加强全民健康教育的强制性；根据社会需求培养适宜卫生人才，加强全科医生培养，提高基层医疗卫生服务水平和可及性；尽快推动医药卫生“母法”的出台，并对现行医药卫生相关的法律、规章和规范性文件进行梳理和修订。

关键词：全民健康健康教育医学教育卫生法律

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医疗保健中的人工智能——综述与预测性案例研究 Review

荣国光, Arnaldo Mendez, Elie Bou Assi, 赵博, Mohamad Sawan

《工程（英文）》 2020年第6卷第3期页码 291-301 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.08.015

摘要：

近年来，人工智能在软件算法、硬件实现和应用等领域得到了迅速发展。本文综述了人工智能在生物医学中应用的最新进展，包括疾病诊断、生活辅助、生物医学信息处理和生物医学研究。综述的目的是跟踪新的科学成就，了解人工智能在生物医学中的巨大潜力和相关技术的适用性，并为相关领域的研究人员提供启示。可以断言，正如人工智能本身一样，人工智能在生物医学中的应用尚处于早期阶段。新的进展和突破将继续推进，不断深入并扩大广度，并在不久的将来迅速发展。本文以人工智能在癫痫发作和膀胱功能失调预测方面的应用的两个案例来说明其在生物医疗等方面的应用。

关键词：人工智能机器学习深度学习神经网络生物医学研究医疗保健应用癫痫发作膀胱充盈

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健康医疗数据共享基本原则探讨

张建楠,李莹莹,顾宴菊,朱烨琳,何前锋

《中国工程科学》 2020年第22卷第4期页码 93-100 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2020.04.012

摘要：

我国健康医疗数据共享尚处于初级阶段，隐私安全、数据权属不清与利益分配不明等关键问题阻碍了健康医疗数据共享的发展。健康医疗数据共享基本原则的建立可为科学开展健康医疗数据共享活动提供指导，促进健康医疗数据共享及价值变现。本文整理归纳了43项国际健康医疗数据共享基本原则内容，从法律、伦理道德和实践的角度出发，分析了国际上开展健康医疗数据共享活动时普遍关注和遵循的关键原则。研究发现，国际健康医疗数据共享中普遍重视价值、尊重、信任、公平与公正、安全、可评估与评估、规范性以及问责制原则的设定和体现。本文优化构建了高共识性健康医疗数据共享基本原则，有助于指导健康医疗数据共享活动的实施，促进我国健康医疗数据合理、合法、合规共享，推进大数据时代背景下“互联网 +”在健康医疗领域的深化应用。

关键词：数据共享，健康医疗，共享行为，基本原则

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医疗机构中用于控制空气传播传染病的个体患者通风隔离罩 Review

J. Patel, F. McGain, T. Bhatelia, S. Wang, B. Sun, J. Monty, V. Pareek

《工程（英文）》 2022年第15卷第8期页码 126-132 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.12.024

摘要：

作为一种局部排气通风（LEV）系统，个体患者通风（VIP）隔离罩用于将患者的空气排放物与医护人员（HCW）呼吸的空气进行分离，为减少医院获得性感染（HAI）提供了一种新的途径。最近的研究结果表明，对于典型的患者排放的气溶胶，VIP 隔离罩提供的保护与N95 口罩相当。与口罩不同的是，隔离罩的性能可以被很容易地监控，HCW可以通过警报收到故障提醒。适当使用这些相对简单的设备既可以减少感染控制对个人防护设备（PPE）的依赖，又可以为医院和诊所提供低成本、高能效的防护形式。尽管新冠病毒肺炎（COVID-19）加速了VIP 隔离罩的开发和部署，但这些设备目前仍是一项不成熟的技术。本文描述了VIP隔离罩的现状，并确定了需要进一步开发的方面，包括设备设计和相关使用规则。VIP隔离罩的概念可扩展为为个体患者提供清洁的条件和对其他环境因素如温度和湿度进行个性化控制。

关键词：新冠病毒肺炎个体患者通风隔离罩空气传播医护人员传染病